國營醫改與好撒瑪利亞人
http://standardworlddaily.com/blog/archives/1514把國營醫改視為特洛伊木馬進城,說醫改有害於美國經濟,並不能獲得那些渴望健康保險的老人和窮人的贊同。或者說,他們不認為模仿歐洲和加拿大實行全民健保,會有什麼不良後果。
和奧巴馬一樣,他們不相信單單憑藉市場的力量可以解決醫療護理問題,對他們來說健康非常重要,健康不是商品而是人的基本權利,而維持健康的醫療及護 理不應該當作一般性的商品和服務,比方說在你小孩病危中,你無法和藥店討價還價。於是,他們認為市場不是萬能的,市場無法保證足夠的覆蓋面,市場只面向負 擔得起的人,當人們無法支付醫保的時候,便想到了第三方,政府,公費買單,這就是所謂的單一付費制。
天下沒有免費的午餐
政府的錢都來自納稅人的稅費。如果自己幸運,屬於不用繳稅或者繳稅很少的人群,如果實行公費醫療,等於說別人支付了你大部分的醫療費。用別人的錢來治病,這種幸福和健康基本要建立在別人痛苦工作的基礎上,因此,這種制度並沒有什麼公平性可言。
沒有買保險的人都會擔心將來治病花掉畢生的積蓄,所以時刻注意自己的身體。但是,倘若有公費為你保障,你的顧慮就會少很多。嗜酒如命的人可能會繼續 酗酒,性生活活躍分子也不用檢點和節制。二十年前,在中國東北,我發現這樣一出關於公費醫療的咄咄怪事,一家傳染病院裡住着一堆不想出院的肝炎病人,他們 根本不理睬戒酒的忠告。這些人在醫院算“住”出名了,號稱什麼“司令”,“軍長”,他們不願意出院是因為看到了其中賺錢的機會,他們讓醫生亂開藥,然後弄 到黑市去賣錢。據說,他們的單位每年用於報銷他們的醫藥費就好幾萬。平民況且如此,中共高幹更不用說了,海協會主席汪道涵臨終前,他個人的公費醫療開支每 年都超過五百萬。
政府可以信託麼?
納稅人支持公共醫療,無非是願意先把稅和費先交給了政府代理,讓政府來掌管民眾的醫療護理。美國有三億的人口,要政府來關照,必然要投入大量的人力 和物力。奧巴馬的醫改方案就是如此,他的計劃要增設的官僚機構達五十三個,而且其權限圖譜繁雜的就象繞不出來的迷宮。沒有盈利觀念的政府,自然不會在意客 戶需求,完全不用擔心因為服務品質差和效率低的問題造成客戶流失。
政府管理的Medicaid計劃腐敗嚴重,詐騙案特別多。根據衛生和公眾服務部的監察單位統計,Medicaid的詐騙每年造成一百八十六億的損 失,反保險詐騙聯盟(COALITION AGAINST INSURANCE FRAUD)的常務理事DENNIS JAY認為整個政府管理的醫療計劃,有將近一成的經費被騙,而聯邦政府也承認每年因此損失七百二十億。政府的Medicare計劃每年也要拿出九十多億作 為反詐騙的預算。
健康本來是上帝給人的身體財富,關鍵看你如何珍惜和保重。倘若政府逐步壟斷了醫療,你的健康維護權等於交給官僚。你把自己的責任給了政府,你就必須 看這些官僚的臉色行事,讓他們決定得到那種醫療待遇,該不該體檢,多少時間體檢一次,可以看什麼樣的醫生,住哪家醫院,去哪家診所,吃什麼藥,該等多久才 能治療?甚至有沒有權利接受治療?這一切不在由你控制。這是非常可怕的事情。
奧巴馬提倡醫改,但他的言行並不一致
醫改的提倡者奧巴馬,算得是美國人最信賴的人,但是他的話真實可信麼?我們看看他是怎麼說的。2003年,他說:“我恰好是個單一付費形式的全民醫 療方案的支持者”。競選年,他說:“如果他執政,能夠從零開始改革的話,他會推行加拿大式的醫療保險制度,所謂的單一給付體制(a single-payer system)。” 2009年,他又說:“我從沒說過我是個單一付費形式的支持者”。前後反覆無常,毫無誠信。
還有一個對比,我們知道,之前,奧巴馬的祖母患了癌症,只剩幾個月的壽命。可是,不幸的是,老祖母不小心摔傷了臀部,雖然不能確定她還能活多長,他 們家還是決定手術治療。奧巴馬說:“我希望她們家能得到最好的治療。”後來,在一次提及醫改的電視節目中,一位名叫Jane Sturm女士說,五年前,她給年邁(快百歲)老母親安裝了心臟起搏器,她問奧巴馬,假如不從“支持生命權“來考量,政府是否會因為節省醫療開支,而對某 種高齡進行一刀切,拒絕治療。奧巴馬回答說,要從整個社會着眼,一些浪費並不能讓母親感覺更適宜,不要做手術,吃止痛片就好。
哇哦,別人母親吃止痛片就好了,自己的祖母是要救的。這是什麼樣的邏輯?
說道節省政府醫療開支,奧巴馬的醫療政策顧問Ezekial Emanuel博士,提出一種對生命價值估計的算法,所謂完整存活體系Complete Lives system 。他認為應該計算出人的挽救價值,然後來決定花多少錢醫救才是合算的。Ezekial Emanuel博士繪出所謂的優先治癒幾率曲線,強調挽救年輕人的花費是比較合算的,因為曲線中年齡在15-40歲之間的人,存活的機會比較大。而對於年 紀幼小以及長者因為機會就很低了,多花不利於節省開支。如果參造這種算法,政府有權決定誰是廢人,誰是貴人,豈不成了人命判官,閻王爺?按照這個算法,殘 廢的霍金博士,早就沒有生命的價值了。斯蒂芬•威廉•霍金(Stephen William Hawking),小時候經常跌倒,後來經過醫生診斷他患了“肌肉萎縮性側索硬化症“,活不多時了。可是,霍金博士活到現在,成為了繼愛因斯坦後最傑出的 物理學家。
奧巴馬器重的另外一個“軍師”叫Cass Sunstein。2004年,他在《哥倫比亞法律評論》寫道:“我敦促政府應該關注的是壽命年,而不是性命,保住青年生命的(醫療)計劃比挽救老人生命的計劃要更利於社會福利。”如果你是老人,你還敢把醫保託付給政府麼?
果然,為了節省醫療開支,奧巴馬的醫改計劃要求年老體弱絕症患者的家屬接受醫生的臨終諮詢(end-of-life consultations),也就是官僚授權醫生可以決定是救與不救,就象前面的奧巴馬所說,不要浪費,吃止痛片就好了。尤其是醫改方案中的1233節 (Section 1233 of HR3200 見後面的附錄),讓人想到納粹執行的“強迫安樂死”,莎拉•佩林批評說,這是給病人擺設死亡控制台(DEATH PANEL)。
不光老人,而且胎兒也有危險。我們知道羅伊案造成了美國墮胎趨向合法化。但事實上,美國傳統社會仍然對墮胎議題有所保留,普遍視任意墮胎為可恥的, 不道德的。而且,美國法律對晚期墮胎也有嚴格的限制。可是,奧巴馬的醫改居然把覆蓋墮胎費歸入福利範圍,也就是說讓納稅人為墮胎買單,並規定醫務者必須能 做墮胎手術,即便這樣違反了他們的道德和宗教信仰。
奧巴馬的醫改不僅違背了他對教皇Benedict的減少墮胎的承諾,而且還用納稅人的錢補貼墮胎,這不是所謂的支持婦女選擇權,這是在支持自由墮胎權。胎兒在他眼裡難道就不是生命?胎兒就沒有存活的權利,他的生死一定要讓別人來決定?
誰是我的鄰舍呢?
Cato 醫療政策學者Michael F. Cannon最近在他的博客,貼了非常有趣的一段文章:醫改:看耶穌怎麼做?(Health Care Reform: WWJD?)文章引用《新約》路加福音中(Luke 10:25-37)的好撒瑪利亞人的比喻。Cannon 說,耶穌給了我們很好的啟示是,“如果你想讓你的鄰舍到耶利哥,請用你的自由去護理他,不要把這種責任交給所謂的祭司,利未人”。Cannon把棄鄰舍不 顧的祭司,利未人比作,代表民意多數,道貌岸然,吃官糧的政府官僚。Cannon在文中,把真正關心鄰舍的撒瑪利亞人喻作私人保險或者慈善機構,因為他們 都出於自願,出於關愛。
Cannon的解釋是,撒瑪利亞人發現落難鄰舍後,及時地給予了照顧,而且是親自護理。他體貼入微,他用救護車(自己的牲口)把病人送到醫院 (店),他私人掏錢(拿出二錢銀子)給醫院(店)要他代為照顧,他沒有給醫院過多的費用,免得醫院濫用,但他又同時考慮了醫療超支費用的報銷問題(此外所 費用的,我回來必還你)。
Cannon先生說的不錯。醫保送給“滿口仁義道德”的政府接管,並不會收到良好的結果。到頭來,他們反而會因為開支問題而棄病患不顧,或者實行所謂的護理配給制度,讓病患等待很長時間而得不到及時的醫治。
—–
所謂的臨終諮詢:
Section 1233. Advanced Care Planning Consultation
`(hhh)(1) Subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), the term `advance care planning consultation’ means a consultation between the individual and a practitioner described in paragraph (2) regarding advance care planning, if, subject to paragraph (3), the individual involved has not had such a consultation within the last 5 years. Such consultation shall include the following:
`(A) An explanation by the practitioner of advance care planning, including key questions and considerations, important steps, and suggested people to talk to.
`(B) An explanation by the practitioner of advance directives, including living wills and durable powers of attorney, and their uses.
`(C) An explanation by the practitioner of the role and responsibilities of a health care proxy.
`(D) The provision by the practitioner of a list of national and State-specific resources to assist consumers and their families with advance care planning, including the national toll-free hotline, the advance care planning clearinghouses, and State legal service organizations (including those funded through the Older Americans Act of 1965).
`(E) An explanation by the practitioner of the continuum of end-of-life services and supports available, including palliative care and hospice, and benefits for such services and supports that are available under this title.
(換句話,可以不治癒你,但幫助你減輕痛苦)
`(F)(i) Subject to clause (ii), an explanation of orders regarding life sustaining treatment or similar orders, which shall include–
`(I) the reasons why the development of such an order is beneficial to the individual and the individual’s family and the reasons why such an order should be updated periodically as the health of the individual changes;
`(II) the information needed for an individual or legal surrogate to make informed decisions regarding the completion of such an order; and
`(III) the identification of resources that an individual may use to determine the requirements of the State in which such individual resides so that the treatment wishes of that individual will be carried out if the individual is unable to communicate those wishes, including requirements regarding the designation of a surrogate decisionmaker (also known as a health care proxy).
`(ii) The Secretary shall limit the requirement for explanations under clause (i) to consultations furnished in a State–
`(I) in which all legal barriers have been addressed for enabling orders for life sustaining treatment to constitute a set of medical orders respected across all care settings; and
`(II) that has in effect a program for orders for life sustaining treatment described in clause (iii).
`(iii) A program for orders for life sustaining treatment for a States described in this clause is a program that–
`(I) ensures such orders are standardized and uniquely identifiable throughout the State;
`(II) distributes or makes accessible such orders to physicians and other health professionals that (acting within the scope of the professional’s authority under State law) may sign orders for life sustaining treatment;
`(III) provides training for health care professionals across the continuum of care about the goals and use of orders for life sustaining treatment; and
`(IV) is guided by a coalition of stakeholders includes representatives from emergency medical services, emergency department physicians or nurses, state long-term care association, state medical association, state surveyors, agency responsible for senior services, state department of health, state hospital association, home health association, state bar association, and state hospice association.
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[More on "order regarding life sustaining treatment" in the same Section]
`(5)(A) For purposes of this section, the term `order regarding life sustaining treatment’ means, with respect to an individual, an actionable medical order relating to the treatment of that individual that–
`(i) is signed and dated by a physician (as defined in subsection (r)(1)) or another health care professional (as specified by the Secretary and who is acting within the scope of the professional’s authority under State law in signing such an order, including a nurse practitioner or physician assistant) and is in a form that permits it to stay with the individual and be followed by health care professionals and providers across the continuum of care;
`(ii) effectively communicates the individual’s preferences regarding life sustaining treatment, including an indication of the treatment and care desired by the individual;
`(iii) is uniquely identifiable and standardized within a given locality, region, or State (as identified by the Secretary); and
`(iv) may incorporate any advance directive (as defined in section 1866(f)(3)) if executed by the individual.
`(B) The level of treatment indicated under subparagraph (A)(ii) may range from an indication for full treatment to an indication to limit some or all or specified interventions. Such indicated levels of treatment may include indications respecting, among other items–
`(i) the intensity of medical intervention if the patient is pulse less, apneic, or has serious cardiac or pulmonary problems;
`(ii) the individual’s desire regarding transfer to a hospital or remaining at the current care setting;
`(iii) the use of antibiotics; and
`(iv) the use of artificially administered nutrition and hydration.’.
Obama to Jane Sturm: Hey, take a pill
obamacare For Thee, But Not For Me