I don't know if a native English speaker would translate it the same way.

I think "self-inflicted" is super, but set-back is probably not exactly what the chinese words mean. I think "social agitation" might be more appropriate. The most idiomatic expression I believe is "deliberate trouble making".

Please consider the following:

1) Self-inflicted social agitation
2) Self-inflicted social disturbance
3) Self-inflicted political struggle
4) Stay away from launching counter-productive political campaign
5) Counter-productive political/social campaign
6) Deliberate trouble making

After all, what he meant to say was that the chinese government will stay away from launching counter-productive political and social campaigns.